Data Appendix

The Adderall Age

Prescription Data, Supply Chain Geography, and the Structural Gap — Charts with Verified Sources
Compiled March 2026 Companion to: The Adderall Age Essay 18 Sources
90.2M
Stimulant Fills (2023)
DEA / IQVIA Trends Report
+24%
Rx Growth (2019–2023)
72.8M → 90.2M fills
21.2M g
DEA Quota (Frozen 4 Yrs)
d-amphetamine, 2021–2024
71.5%
Unable to Fill Rx
CDC MMWR, October 2024

A. The Gap

The essay’s central argument rendered as geometry: the DEA production quota flatlined while prescriptions climbed 24%. The widening space between the two lines is the structural crack the essay traces from telehealth waivers through the 2022 shortage.

Exhibit A — DEA Quota vs. Stimulant Prescriptions Filled

d-amphetamine production quota (million grams) vs. total stimulant prescription fills (millions), 2019–2025

B. The Prescribing Explosion

Adults drove the prescription surge. Pediatric fills actually fell. Meanwhile, two telehealth companies industrialized the diagnostic encounter — and were prosecuted for it.

Exhibit B-1 — Adult vs. Pediatric Fills

Estimated stimulant fills (millions), 2019 vs. 2023. Pediatric −6.5%.

Exhibit B-2 — Telehealth Prescribing at Scale

Done Global and Cerebral — key enforcement metrics
MetricDone GlobalCerebral
Patients67,000
Pills Prescribed40M+
Revenue$100M+
Rx Rate Target95% (100% ADHD)
Peak Valuation$4.8B
Ad Spend$40M
OutcomeConvicted (Nov 2025)$6.57M penalty
Key Finding

The first federal telehealth drug distribution prosecution did not retract the demand. The 90.2M fills recorded in 2023 include patients who entered the system through telehealth doors that have since been shut. The demand is baked into the DEA’s quota baseline.

C. The Digital Diagnostic Pipeline

The commodity chain reimagined as a data flow. Each node carries a stat from the essay. The prescription node is the hinge point — the gatekeeping layer that COVID digitized.

Exhibit C — From TikTok to Gray Market

The pipeline that replaced the in-person diagnostic encounter
TikTok
#ADHD
39.7B views
52% misleading
Self-Diagnosis
843 undergrads
surveyed
(PLOS ONE)
Telehealth
30-min call
95–100%
Rx rate target
Prescription
The hinge
90.2M fills
(+24%)
Pharmacy
71.5% report
fill difficulty
(CDC)
Shortage
FDA declared
Oct 2022
Still ongoing
Reroute
Darknet
Campus
Gray market

D. The Supply Chain Geography

The same chain I traced at twenty-two. China sources the raw chemicals. India processes them. The United States consumes the finished product. The generic market is fragmented — no single manufacturer serves as backstop.

Exhibit D-1 — Geographic Chain

Key starting materials → APIs → finished dosage forms (Anand et al., 2025)
NodeLocationRoleRisk
KSMs China Key starting materials Cost advantage, single-source concentration
APIs India Active pharmaceutical ingredients Manufacturing concentration, regulatory variation
Finished Forms United States Generic manufacturing & distribution Quota cap: 21.2M g (frozen 2021–2024)
Prescribing Digital Telehealth (post-COVID) Gatekeeping layer removed

Exhibit D-2 — Generic Manufacturer Share

Estimated US amphetamine mixed salts market share — no single backstop

E. The GLP-1 Rhyme

If Adderall was the rehearsal, GLP-1 agonists are the performance at scale. Same structural pattern, compressed timeline, larger addressable market, higher price point.

Exhibit E-1 — Pattern Comparison

Adderall vs. GLP-1 agonists — the architecture rhymes

Exhibit E-2 — The Pattern

The structural mechanism that doesn’t require a specific molecule
1. Marketing manufactures demand
2. Off-label prescribing widens the funnel
3. Telehealth access removes gatekeeping friction
4. Supply shortage follows inevitably
5. Gray market absorbs the overflow
“The architecture doesn’t require Adderall specifically. It requires any commodity for which demand can be manufactured faster than supply can be regulated.”
The Opioid Echo

Rising & Califf (JAMA Psychiatry, 2025) drew the parallel explicitly: the pattern of stimulant overprescribing through telehealth platforms resembles the pattern of opioid overprescribing through pain clinics in the 2000s. The structural mechanics are identical. A legitimate medical need exists. A prescribing infrastructure develops to serve it. The infrastructure is captured by commercial interests that widen the definition of “legitimate need” until it encompasses anyone willing to book an appointment.

F. Key Data Points

StatisticValueSource
Total Stimulant Fills (2023)90.2 millionDEA / IQVIA, 2024
Total Stimulant Fills (2019)72.8 millionDEA / IQVIA, 2024
Prescription Growth (2019–2023)+24%DEA / IQVIA, 2024
Pediatric Fill Change−6.5%DEA / IQVIA, 2024
DEA d-Amphetamine Quota (2021–2024)21.2M grams (frozen)DEA Diversion Control
DEA Quota Adjustment (Oct 2025)26.5M gramsDEA, first mid-year adjustment
Adults Reporting Fill Difficulty71.5%CDC MMWR, Oct 2024
Adults with Current ADHD Diagnosis15.5 millionCDC / NCHS, 2024
Diagnosed at Age 18+55.9%CDC / NCHS, 2024
College Stimulant Misuse (past year)8%Wong et al., 2022
College Stimulant Misuse (lifetime)17%Wilens et al., 2020
TikTok #ADHD Views39.7 billionPLOS ONE, 2025
TikTok ADHD Content Classified Misleading52%PLOS ONE, 2025
Done Global — Pills Prescribed40 million+DOJ, Nov 2025
Done Global — Revenue$100 million+DOJ, Nov 2025
Cerebral — Rx Rate Target95% (100% for ADHD)Nonprosecution agreement, 2024
Ozempic Rx Growth (YoY)+152%Wojtara et al., 2023
GLP-1 Prescriptions (Q4 2022)9 millionWojtara et al., 2023
GLP-1 Users from Unregulated Sources23%Hendrix et al., 2025